What is a possible effect of high/low glucose levels during surgery?

The relationship between glucose levels and neurological health during surgery is critical, particularly in patients who may be at risk for neurological injuries. High or low glucose levels can lead to significant metabolic disturbances that affect the brain's function and overall neurological status. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) can increase oxidative stress, impair leukocyte function, and enhance the inflammatory response, all of which can worsen outcomes in individuals with pre-existing neurological conditions or those undergoing surgery that puts these systems at risk. Conversely, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can result in inadequate energy supply to the brain, leading to neurological deficits and injuries due to cellular damage from insufficient glucose metabolism. Therefore, the possibility of worsened neurological injury is a critical concern when managing glucose levels during surgery. This underscores the importance of careful monitoring and management of glucose in surgical contexts to minimize the risk of adverse neurological outcomes.