What is phenytoin (Dilantin) primarily used for?

Phenytoin, commonly known by its brand name Dilantin, is primarily employed as an anticonvulsant medication. It is used to control and prevent seizures, particularly in conditions such as epilepsy. The drug works by stabilizing the neuronal membranes and reducing the excessive electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures.

Recent studies and clinical use show that phenytoin is effective in managing generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures, making it a cornerstone in the treatment of epilepsy. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, which contributes to its ability to reduce seizure activity.

The other options pertain to different therapeutic classifications. Muscle relaxation is typically addressed with a different category of medications, while the induction of anesthesia involves agents specifically designed to induce unconsciousness for surgical procedures. Similarly, neuromuscular blockade is achieved through medications that induce paralysis for surgical interventions, which are distinct from the anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin.