What type of drug is Ketamine categorized as?

Ketamine is categorized as an NMDA antagonist, which means it works by inhibiting the action of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain. This receptor is primarily involved in mediating excitatory neurotransmission through the neurotransmitter glutamate. By blocking NMDA receptors, ketamine can produce powerful anesthetic effects, including analgesia and dissociative anesthesia. Additionally, its action on the NMDA receptor contributes to its unique properties in pain management and potential rapid antidepressant effects.

This mechanism is especially important in the context of intraoperative monitoring, as it influences neuronal excitability and can have significant implications for neurophysiological monitoring during surgery. Understanding ketamine's role as an NMDA antagonist provides insight into its clinical applications and effects on brain function during procedures requiring deep sedation or analgesia.