Which cranial nerve is most commonly injured?

The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is commonly recognized as the most frequently injured cranial nerve. This is particularly evident in surgical procedures, especially those involving the temporal bone, parotid gland, and during certain types of neurosurgery. Damage to the facial nerve can lead to a range of complications, including temporary or permanent facial paralysis, which underscores its vulnerability during surgical interventions.

The anatomical pathway of the facial nerve, which traverses a complex route within the skull and through narrow anatomical regions, contributes to its susceptibility to injury. This nerve is responsible for motor control of the facial muscles, as well as taste sensation from the front two-thirds of the tongue and secretion of saliva and tears. Any disruption in its function can have significant repercussions, highlighting the importance of monitoring its integrity during surgeries where it may be at risk.

Other cranial nerves can certainly be compromised during surgical procedures, but their incidence of injury is typically lower compared to the facial nerve due to their pathways and the more common interactions in the surgical field.