Which of the following is used to measure residual "stump" pressure during CEA?

In the context of carotid endarterectomy (CEA), monitoring residual "stump" pressure is crucial for assessing blood flow in the carotid artery after plaque removal. Intraoperative Doppler monitoring is particularly effective for this purpose as it provides real-time information about the blood flow and can detect changes in the arterial blood flow dynamics. By using Doppler ultrasound, healthcare providers can evaluate the quality and quantity of blood flow through the carotid artery and identify any significant reductions in blood flow that might indicate complications.

This monitoring technique allows for immediate feedback, enabling surgical teams to assess whether the surgical intervention has been successful in restoring adequate blood flow. It aids in making intraoperative decisions regarding further interventions if necessary.

Other choices, such as blood gas analysis, standard diastolic pressure measurement, and respiratory rate monitoring, do not provide the specific information needed to assess blood flow dynamics in the vascular structure of the carotid artery during CEA. Blood gas analysis focuses on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, diastolic pressure measurement is typically related to systemic blood pressure without direct information about the carotid artery, and respiratory rate monitoring relates to respiratory function rather than vascular status. Therefore, intraoperative Doppler monitoring is the most appropriate and effective choice for