Which of the following is typically a consequence of central cord syndrome?

Central cord syndrome is a type of incomplete spinal cord injury that predominantly affects the central portion of the spinal cord. This condition characteristically results in certain patterns of motor and sensory deficits.

Sacral sparing, which refers to the preservation of sensory and motor functions in the sacral region (the lowest part of the spinal cord), is a hallmark feature of central cord syndrome. Patients often retain some level of function in the lower extremities and may even have intact sensation or function in the genital and perianal areas despite having significant motor impairment in the upper extremities. This phenomenon occurs because the sacral fibers are located more peripherally within the spinal cord and are less likely to be affected by the central damage.

The other possible consequences mentioned are more typical of other types of spinal cord syndromes or complete cord injuries. For instance, complete paralysis below the injury would suggest a complete spinal cord injury, while loss of bowel and bladder control is often associated with lower motor neuron injuries or complete injuries. Loss of proprioceptive abilities can occur, but it is not a defining characteristic of central cord syndrome, as proprioception may still be intact in areas that are preserved.